Abstract
When the United States sanctioned officials at the International Criminal Court in 2025, access to cloud services, email, payment systems, and software licences was cut within hours. The infrastructure that failed them is the same infrastructure European public institutions run on every day. This report maps that exposure across eight technological layers, from identity management to artificial intelligence, and finds that for six of the eight, production-ready European alternatives exist today. It documents what breaks first under pressure, what can be switched and at what speed, and what requires years of preparation. Three disruption scenarios, four migration case studies with published cost data, and a prioritisation matrix give any European public organisation the tools to determine where it stands and what to do next. The report also identifies six European-level policy levers requiring no new legislation, and four decisions (with their institutional owners, blockers, and progress signals) that would change the structural conditions for every organisation simultaneously. First edition, March 2026. 137 pages. CC BY 4.0.
How to cite
Roux, N. (2026). European Digital Dependencies: A Diagnostic for Public Sector Decision-Makers. Independent policy report.
Zenodo DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19358628